{"id":2032,"date":"2025-09-14T16:37:57","date_gmt":"2025-09-14T04:37:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zl2ks.org.nz\/wp\/?page_id=2032"},"modified":"2026-01-24T11:09:23","modified_gmt":"2026-01-23T22:09:23","slug":"getting-started-with-amateur-radio","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/zl2ks.org.nz\/wp\/getting-started-with-amateur-radio\/","title":{"rendered":"Getting Started with Amateur Radio"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Getting Started with Amateur Radio<\/h1>\n<p>Amateur radio, also known as &#8220;ham radio,&#8221; is a hobby and service that brings people, electronics, and communication together. It allows licensed operators to communicate across town, around New Zealand, or even worldwide without relying on the internet or phone networks.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"542\" data-end=\"545\">\n<h2>Regulations in New Zealand<\/h2>\n<p>Amateur radio in New Zealand is regulated under the <strong>Radiocommunications Regulations (General User Radio Licence for Amateur Radio Operators)<\/strong>. These set out the rights and responsibilities of operators, including frequency allocations and operating conditions.<\/p>\n<p>You can read the current regulations here:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gazette.govt.nz\/notice\/id\/2025-go3272\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Radiocommunications Regulations (NZ Gazette Notice)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"542\" data-end=\"545\">\n<h2>How to Become a Licensed Amateur Radio Operator<\/h2>\n<p>To operate on amateur radio frequencies, you need to obtain an amateur radio licence. This involves passing an exam that covers basic electronics, operating practices, and radio regulations. Once licensed, you\u2019ll be issued a unique callsign.<\/p>\n<p>The New Zealand Association of Radio Transmitters (NZART) provides resources, training, and information to help you prepare for your licence:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/nzart.org.nz\/learn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Learn how to become licensed with NZART<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Check out <a href=\"https:\/\/zl2ks.org.nz\/wp\/events-meetings\/\">Events &amp; Meetings<\/a> for the next HamCram.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"542\" data-end=\"545\">\n<h2>Operating Modes<\/h2>\n<p>Amateur radio offers a wide variety of ways to communicate:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Analog Voice:<\/strong> The most common mode is FM on VHF\/UHF and SSB (Single Side Band) on HF. These modes let you talk directly to other amateurs over local repeaters or long distances.<\/li>\n<li><strong>CW (Morse Code):<\/strong> A traditional mode that is still popular worldwide for its efficiency and simplicity.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Digital Modes:<\/strong> Modern modes such as FT8, JS8Call, PSK31, and DMR use computers or radios with built-in digital capability to send information efficiently, often under weak signal conditions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"542\" data-end=\"545\">\n<h2>Beginner-Friendly Antennas<\/h2>\n<p>You don\u2019t need an expensive or complicated antenna to get on the air. Many effective designs can be built at home with simple materials:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Dipole Antenna:<\/strong> One of the simplest and most effective antennas for HF bands. Made of two wires cut to the right length and supported between two points.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vertical Antenna:<\/strong> Good for limited space. Can be built using telescopic poles, wire, or aluminium tubing.<\/li>\n<li><strong>End-Fed Wire Antenna:<\/strong> Easy to install in a backyard or portable setup. Works well with a simple matching unit.<\/li>\n<li><strong>2m\/70cm Ground Plane:<\/strong> A simple antenna for VHF\/UHF, often built from wire or rods attached to a connector.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Yagi Antenna: <\/strong>Widely used as a&nbsp;<span tabindex=\"0\" role=\"tooltip\"><span class=\"c5aZPb\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-enable-toggle-animation=\"true\" data-extra-container-classes=\"ZLo7Eb\" data-hover-hide-delay=\"1000\" data-hover-open-delay=\"500\" data-send-open-event=\"true\" data-theme=\"0\" data-width=\"250\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwjvrauflNmPAxXvzqACHXSjDqkQmpgGegQIMxAD\"><span class=\"JPfdse\" data-bubble-link=\"\" data-segment-text=\"directional antenna\">directional antenna<\/span><\/span><\/span> on the HF, VHF and UHF bands.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Experimenting with antennas is one of the most rewarding aspects of amateur radio, and even simple designs can yield surprising results.<\/p>\n<p>There are many resources available online to assist in designing antennas. Here are some tools recommended by club members:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-wpview-marker=\"https%3A%2F%2Fportable-antennas.com%2F\"><a href=\"https:\/\/portable-antennas.com\/\">portable-antennas.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li data-wpview-marker=\"https%3A%2F%2Fportable-antennas.com%2F\"><a href=\"https:\/\/3g-aerial.biz\/en\/online-calculations\/antenna-calculations\/dl6wu-yagi-uda-antenna-online-calculator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DL6WU Yagi-Uda antenna online calculator<\/a><\/li>\n<li data-wpview-marker=\"https%3A%2F%2Fportable-antennas.com%2F\"><a href=\"https:\/\/3g-aerial.biz\/en\/online-calculations\/other-calculations\/gamma-matching-calculator\">Gamma matching online calculator<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"211\" data-end=\"214\">\n<h2 data-start=\"216\" data-end=\"280\">Contacting the ISS Repeater (<span class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"><span class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"><a class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]! transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ariss.org\/contact-the-iss.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"><span class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between overflow-hidden\"><span class=\"max-w-[15ch] grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\">ARISS<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> ) \u2014 What New Hams Can Do<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"282\" data-end=\"540\">One of the really exciting things for new amateur radio operators is being able to listen to \u2014 or even use \u2014 the <span class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"><span class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"><a class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]! transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ariss.org\/contact-the-iss.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"><span class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between overflow-hidden\"><span class=\"max-w-[15ch] grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\">ARISS<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> <em data-start=\"395\" data-end=\"411\">repeater<\/em> onboard the International Space Station (ISS). Here\u2019s a guide on why it\u2019s interesting, what\u2019s required, and how to give it a go.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"542\" data-end=\"545\">\n<h3 data-start=\"547\" data-end=\"587\">Why Try to Contact the ISS Repeater?<\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"589\" data-end=\"1368\">\n<li data-start=\"589\" data-end=\"777\">\n<p data-start=\"591\" data-end=\"777\"><strong data-start=\"591\" data-end=\"612\">Unique Experience<\/strong>: Talking via a repeater in orbit is unlike any other repeater \u2014 it\u2019s in space, moving fast, with all the challenges that brings (Doppler, short pass times, etc.).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"778\" data-end=\"984\">\n<p data-start=\"780\" data-end=\"984\"><strong data-start=\"780\" data-end=\"801\">Educational Value<\/strong>: Great way to learn about satellite or space communications, orbital mechanics (because you need to track the ISS), radio propagation, and practical skills like Doppler correction.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"985\" data-end=\"1142\">\n<p data-start=\"987\" data-end=\"1142\"><strong data-start=\"987\" data-end=\"1004\">Community Fun<\/strong>: Many hams around the world follow ISS passes; hearing or contacting via the ISS connects you with that larger international community.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1143\" data-end=\"1368\">\n<p data-start=\"1145\" data-end=\"1368\"><strong data-start=\"1145\" data-end=\"1154\">Modes<\/strong>: ARISS supports several modes \u2014 voice, packet\/APRS, SSTV, etc. So even if you can\u2019t make a two\u2010way voice contact, you might still receive something interesting (images, data).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1370\" data-end=\"1373\">\n<h3 data-start=\"1375\" data-end=\"1413\">What Equipment &amp; Setup Do You Need<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1415\" data-end=\"1539\">To have a realistic chance to hear or use the ISS repeater, you need a decent setup. Here are the essentials and what helps:<\/p>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_1rjym_1\">\n<div class=\"group w-fit _tableWrapper_1rjym_13 flex flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"1541\" data-end=\"2750\">\n<thead data-start=\"1541\" data-end=\"1578\">\n<tr data-start=\"1541\" data-end=\"1578\">\n<th data-start=\"1541\" data-end=\"1548\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Item<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"1548\" data-end=\"1558\" data-col-size=\"lg\">Minimum<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"1558\" data-end=\"1578\" data-col-size=\"lg\">What Helps a Lot<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"1593\" data-end=\"2750\">\n<tr data-start=\"1593\" data-end=\"1739\">\n<td data-start=\"1593\" data-end=\"1611\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"1595\" data-end=\"1610\">Ham licence<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1611\" data-end=\"1734\" data-col-size=\"lg\">Required: you must be licensed to transmit. To listen, licence not needed\u2014but transmitting always requires you be legal.<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\" data-start=\"1734\" data-end=\"1739\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1740\" data-end=\"1924\">\n<td data-start=\"1740\" data-end=\"1758\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"1742\" data-end=\"1757\">Transceiver<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1758\" data-end=\"1863\" data-col-size=\"lg\">FM transceiver capable of working in the 2 m and\/or 70 cm bands.<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\" data-start=\"1863\" data-end=\"1924\">Good step size (fine tuning) to help with Doppler shifts.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1925\" data-end=\"2112\">\n<td data-start=\"1925\" data-end=\"1937\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"1927\" data-end=\"1936\">Power<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1937\" data-end=\"2009\" data-col-size=\"lg\">Typically 5-100 watts is good.<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2009\" data-end=\"2112\" data-col-size=\"lg\">More power may help to reach the repeater when ISS is at low elevation, but antenna more important.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2113\" data-end=\"2369\">\n<td data-start=\"2113\" data-end=\"2127\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"2115\" data-end=\"2126\">Antenna<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2127\" data-end=\"2237\" data-col-size=\"lg\">Even a simple vertical or ground plane can work for hearing at least.<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\" data-start=\"2237\" data-end=\"2369\">Circularly polarized, crossed-Yagi (or at least directional) antennas with good elevation\/azimuth control make a big difference.<strong>*<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2370\" data-end=\"2592\">\n<td data-start=\"2370\" data-end=\"2403\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"2372\" data-end=\"2402\">Tracking &amp; Pass Prediction<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2403\" data-end=\"2496\" data-col-size=\"lg\">Knowing <em data-start=\"2413\" data-end=\"2419\">when<\/em> ISS will be overhead is essential. Use tools or apps to get ISS pass times.<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\" data-start=\"2496\" data-end=\"2592\">Also useful is software or hardware to track Doppler shift, track the ISS path, aim antenna.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2593\" data-end=\"2750\">\n<td data-start=\"2593\" data-end=\"2618\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"2595\" data-end=\"2617\">Doppler Correction<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2618\" data-end=\"2750\" data-col-size=\"lg\">Because ISS moves so fast, the frequency you hear\/transmit will shift. Be ready to adjust.<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>* <a href=\"https:\/\/www.george-smart.co.uk\/antennas\/dual_band_satellite_yagi\/\">DIY Dual Band Satellite Yagi&nbsp;<\/a><\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"2752\" data-end=\"2755\">\n<h3 data-start=\"2757\" data-end=\"2788\">Frequencies &amp; Modes to Know<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2790\" data-end=\"2995\">Here are the main frequencies and modes used by <span class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"><span class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"><a class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]! transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ariss.org\/contact-the-iss.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"><span class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between overflow-hidden\"><span class=\"max-w-[15ch] grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\">ARISS<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> as of now. These may change, so always check the latest from <span class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"><span class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"><a class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]! transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ariss.org\/contact-the-iss.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"><span class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between overflow-hidden\"><span class=\"max-w-[15ch] grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\">ARISS<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> (their \u201cCurrent Status of ISS Stations\u201d page).<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2997\" data-end=\"3604\">\n<li data-start=\"2997\" data-end=\"3089\">\n<p data-start=\"2999\" data-end=\"3089\"><strong data-start=\"2999\" data-end=\"3024\">Voice \/ SSTV downlink<\/strong>: 145.800 MHz (worldwide)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3090\" data-end=\"3315\">\n<p data-start=\"3092\" data-end=\"3315\"><strong data-start=\"3092\" data-end=\"3108\">Voice uplink<\/strong>:<br data-start=\"3109\" data-end=\"3112\">\u2003\u2022 144.490 MHz for ITU Regions 2 &amp; 3 (Americas, Pacific, Southern Asia)<br data-start=\"3221\" data-end=\"3224\">\u2003\u2022 145.20 MHz for Region 1 (Europe, Russia, Africa)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3316\" data-end=\"3429\">\n<p data-start=\"3318\" data-end=\"3429\"><strong data-start=\"3318\" data-end=\"3333\">Packet\/APRS<\/strong>: 145.825 MHz (worldwide) and UHF packet at 437.550 MHz.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3430\" data-end=\"3604\">\n<p data-start=\"3432\" data-end=\"3604\"><strong data-start=\"3432\" data-end=\"3472\">Crossband Repeater Uplink \/ Downlink<\/strong>: Commonly <strong data-start=\"3483\" data-end=\"3493\">uplink<\/strong> on 145.990 MHz with a 67 Hz CTCSS tone, <strong data-start=\"3534\" data-end=\"3546\">downlink<\/strong> on 437.800 MHz.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3606\" data-end=\"3609\">\n<h3 data-start=\"3611\" data-end=\"3651\">How To Actually Try It: Step-by-Step<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"3653\" data-end=\"3735\">Here\u2019s a simple plan new hams can follow to try hearing or using the ISS repeater:<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"3737\" data-end=\"5722\">\n<li data-start=\"3737\" data-end=\"4081\">\n<p data-start=\"3740\" data-end=\"3773\"><strong data-start=\"3740\" data-end=\"3771\">Check the ISS Pass Schedule<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3777\" data-end=\"4081\">\n<li data-start=\"3777\" data-end=\"3942\">\n<p data-start=\"3779\" data-end=\"3942\">Use tracking tools (websites or apps) to find when ISS will pass over your location, with sufficient elevation (say &gt; 20\u00b0 or whatever your local terrain allows).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3946\" data-end=\"4081\">\n<p data-start=\"3948\" data-end=\"4081\">Also check if the ISS is expected to have the repeater turned on. ARISS posts status updates.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4083\" data-end=\"4445\">\n<p data-start=\"4086\" data-end=\"4114\"><strong data-start=\"4086\" data-end=\"4112\">Prepare Your Equipment<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4118\" data-end=\"4445\">\n<li data-start=\"4118\" data-end=\"4276\">\n<p data-start=\"4120\" data-end=\"4276\">Set up your radio and antenna ahead of time. Make sure you can point the antenna if directional, or mount vertical with as little obstruction as possible.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4280\" data-end=\"4445\">\n<p data-start=\"4282\" data-end=\"4445\">Make sure you know how to adjust frequencies for Doppler shift (especially on UHF downlink). Some radios let you preset a shift or manually adjust during the pass.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4447\" data-end=\"4793\">\n<p data-start=\"4450\" data-end=\"4487\"><strong data-start=\"4450\" data-end=\"4485\">Tune to the Uplink and Downlink<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4491\" data-end=\"4793\">\n<li data-start=\"4491\" data-end=\"4686\">\n<p data-start=\"4493\" data-end=\"4686\">If you plan to transmit, set your uplink frequency (e.g. 145.990 MHz plus correct tone) and downlink (e.g. 437.800 MHz) as per ARISS repeater settings.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4690\" data-end=\"4793\">\n<p data-start=\"4692\" data-end=\"4793\">Be ready to listen first, to get a feel for when the repeater is active and how strong the signal is.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4795\" data-end=\"5162\">\n<p data-start=\"4798\" data-end=\"4829\"><strong data-start=\"4798\" data-end=\"4827\">Manage Timing and Doppler<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4833\" data-end=\"5162\">\n<li data-start=\"4833\" data-end=\"5046\">\n<p data-start=\"4835\" data-end=\"5046\">As the ISS approaches, its speed toward you will shift the frequency upward; as it passes overhead and moves away, the frequency will shift downward. Adjust accordingly.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5050\" data-end=\"5162\">\n<p data-start=\"5052\" data-end=\"5162\">The window of opportunity is limited \u2014 maybe 5-10 minutes or less of usable signal during a pass, so be ready.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5164\" data-end=\"5484\">\n<p data-start=\"5167\" data-end=\"5204\"><strong data-start=\"5167\" data-end=\"5202\">Make Contact \/ Use the Repeater<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"5208\" data-end=\"5484\">\n<li data-start=\"5208\" data-end=\"5372\">\n<p data-start=\"5210\" data-end=\"5372\">If transmitting: use proper protocol, callsign, etc. Be courteous and avoid transmitting unless you are sure you are using the correct uplink, tone, and timing.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5376\" data-end=\"5484\">\n<p data-start=\"5378\" data-end=\"5484\">If only listening: try to record, log the time, strength, maybe even share signal reports with other hams.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5486\" data-end=\"5722\">\n<p data-start=\"5489\" data-end=\"5509\"><strong data-start=\"5489\" data-end=\"5507\">After the Pass<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"5513\" data-end=\"5722\">\n<li data-start=\"5513\" data-end=\"5656\">\n<p data-start=\"5515\" data-end=\"5656\">Review what went well or what failed: Did signal fade too fast? Was Doppler correction enough? Did antenna altitude or direction limit you?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5660\" data-end=\"5722\">\n<p data-start=\"5662\" data-end=\"5722\">Use feedback or reports from others to improve next attempt.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-start=\"5724\" data-end=\"5727\">\n<h3 data-start=\"5729\" data-end=\"5756\">Things to Watch Out For<\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"5758\" data-end=\"6539\">\n<li data-start=\"5758\" data-end=\"6019\">\n<p data-start=\"5760\" data-end=\"6019\"><strong data-start=\"5760\" data-end=\"5801\">Crew Availability \/ Repeater Activity<\/strong>: The ISS repeater isn\u2019t always active. Sometimes there are scheduled school contacts, special events, or the repeater is turned off for maintenance. Always check ARISS status.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6020\" data-end=\"6157\">\n<p data-start=\"6022\" data-end=\"6157\"><strong data-start=\"6022\" data-end=\"6054\">Legal &amp; Licence Requirements<\/strong>: You must comply with New Zealand\u2019s amateur radio regulations (or your country\u2019s) when transmitting.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6158\" data-end=\"6243\">\n<p data-start=\"6160\" data-end=\"6243\"><strong data-start=\"6160\" data-end=\"6184\">Antenna Obstructions<\/strong>: Buildings, trees, hills can block low elevation passes.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6244\" data-end=\"6425\">\n<p data-start=\"6246\" data-end=\"6425\"><strong data-start=\"6246\" data-end=\"6280\">Weather \/ Polarisation Effects<\/strong>: Though less critical than for some satellites, things like rain fade or antenna polarization mismatch (linear vs circular) can reduce signal.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6426\" data-end=\"6539\">\n<p data-start=\"6428\" data-end=\"6539\"><strong data-start=\"6428\" data-end=\"6446\">Doppler Errors<\/strong>: Especially on UHF, the drift in frequency can make you miss the signal if you don\u2019t adjust.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"542\" data-end=\"545\">\n<h2>Find Out More<\/h2>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/nzart.org.nz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NZART website<\/a> and local radio clubs such as <a href=\"https:\/\/zl2ks.org.nz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Marlborough Amateur Radio Club<\/a> are great places to connect with experienced operators, learn new skills, and get support as you begin your journey in amateur radio.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Getting Started with Amateur Radio Amateur radio, also known as &#8220;ham radio,&#8221; is a hobby and service that brings people, electronics, and communication together. It allows licensed operators to communicate across town, around New Zealand, or even worldwide without relying on the internet or phone networks. Regulations in New Zealand Amateur radio in New Zealand\u2026 <span class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zl2ks.org.nz\/wp\/getting-started-with-amateur-radio\/\">Read More &raquo;<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2032","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zl2ks.org.nz\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2032","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zl2ks.org.nz\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zl2ks.org.nz\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zl2ks.org.nz\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zl2ks.org.nz\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2032"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/zl2ks.org.nz\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2032\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2075,"href":"https:\/\/zl2ks.org.nz\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2032\/revisions\/2075"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zl2ks.org.nz\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2032"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}